Aug 22, 2012 9:51 AM,
By Beth Mattson-Teig, Contributing Writer
Private equity investors have been pouring into the battered
housing market in recent months as investors seize opportunities to buy
distressed single-family homes and convert them to rental properties.
The single-family home rental market is a segment that has,
historically, been very fragmented both in its ownership and operations.
The investment capital now flowing into this sector is changing that
dynamic.
“What you’re going to see is a creation of much more professionally
managed single-family inventory,” says Gary Beasley, a managing director
at Waypoint Real Estate Group in Oakland, Calif. Waypoint came out of
the gate early with its REO to rental strategy.
The company has acquired 2,000 single-family homes since early 2009
and has now accelerated its pace of acquisitions by venturing with a
private equity partner. Waypoint signed a deal with Menlo Park,
Calif.-based GI Partners in December. The private equity firm has
committed $200 million in equity and has an option to invest an
additional $200 million in the partnership.
But it’s not about buying assets on the cheap and then flipping them.
Instead, investors entering the space see a chance to gain a foothold
in a growing investment niche and to institutionalize it. The
single-family home rental market is currently estimated at between 11
million and 13 million properties nationwide. Yet the vast majority of
those homes are owned and managed by small investors.
Why the sudden interest?
In the past, it was too time consuming for large investors to amass
portfolios of homes to manage. Properties were only available in one-off
sales and auctions. Today, however, investors can buy homes in bulk,
meaning portfolios that can generate meaningful income streams can be
amassed more quickly.
Banks, as well as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are selling larger
portfolios of REO homes. As part of its new REO to Rental pilot program
launched earlier this year, the Federal Housing Finance Agency put some
2,490 properties including 2,849 units on the block earlier this year.
There are 1,743 single-family homes, 527 condos, seven manufactured
homes, one co-op, 118 duplexes, 36 three-unit buildings and 58 four-unit
buildings.The winning bidders have not yet been announced, but the
first deals are expected to close in the third quarter.
As of February, there were 453,266 residential units classified as
REO. Of those, the federal government holds nearly 50 percent of the
inventory through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and another 9 percent with
the Federal Housing Administration. In addition, private label
securities hold 33.3 percent of the REO inventory and banks hold 17.5
percent.
GTIS Partners has been investing in the distressed residential sector for about three years.
Investors also have been aggressive in going after individual sales,
buying properties off the courthouse steps in trustee sales, finding
properties on the multiple listing service that are listed as bank-owned
or short sales, as well as working directly with banks that are moving
REO properties off their books. Although the bulk buying enables
investors to quickly grow large portfolios, some investors are wary
because the portfolios are more competitively bid and properties are
spread across a larger geographical area. Operating a dispersed
portfolio magnifies the management challenges associated with
single-family properties. Management of a large portfolio of individual
homes can be a very intensive and cumbersome process. In most cases,
investors are managing those challenges by utilizing a combination of
technology, third-party management or building staff in a short list of
local markets.
Compelling returns
Single-family homes are on the radar with private equity investors
for good reason. There is a robust pipeline of distressed properties
that is allowing owners to buy property at a steep discount—typically 30
percent to 50 percent of replacement cost.
The volume of foreclosure filings in the U.S. totaled more than 2.8
million per year in both 2009 and 2010. Although the volume of home
foreclosures dropped to 1.9 million in 2011, there were approximately
1.5 million active home foreclosure filings recorded during the first
six months of 2012, according to data from RealtyTrac, an Irvine,
Calif.-based listing service. The current volume is about five times
higher than the rate of foreclosures that were occurring prior to the
housing bust. In 2005, for example, home foreclosure filings reached
just 532,833, according to RealtyTrac.
That inventory includes an ample supply of quality middle-class homes
in good neighborhoods. Investors are finding that they can buy
three-bedroom, two-bath homes, many of which were built in 2005 or
later. At the peak of the market, these homes were selling for about
$250,000, and now investors are able to buy them at prices averaging
between $100,000 and $130,000.
The bargain basement prices certainly create an opportunity for
potential appreciation when the housing market eventually recovers. In
the meantime, strong demand from renters is creating attractive cash
yields. Converting the foreclosures to rental properties is generating
returns on an unlevered basis in the high single digits—about 7 percent
to 8 percent. Depending on the level of appreciation that a home
achieves, investors are projecting leveraged returns that could range
from 15 percent to 24 percent.
“From a total return standpoint, we think there is a very compelling
return potential here, and we are moving very quickly to continue to buy
more homes, lease them up and continue to build our management
company,” ays Justin Chang, a principal at Colony Capital and acting CEO
of Colony American Homes. Colony Capital plans to reach 5,000 homes by
year-end and double that volume to 10,000 by mid-2013.
Santa Monica-based Colony Capital launched its Colony American Homes
division in March. To date, the company has invested about $350 million
in REO homes. Colony Capital plans to reach 5,000 homes by year-end and
double that volume to 10,000 by mid-2013.
Ultimately, Chang expects Colony American Homes to go public as a
REIT in the next 18 to 24 months. “We think public equity capital is
going to be the right form of capital for this opportunity long-term
simply because the opportunity here is measured in the hundreds of
billions of dollars,” he adds.
New players
In the past six months, Colony’s new division has grown to 140
employees that are coordinating acquisitions, operations and management
of a portfolio of more than 3,000 homes. The current portfolio includes
owned homes and homes in escrow in six states including California,
Arizona, Nevada, Texas, Georgia and Colorado.
“The reason that we launched Colony American Homes is because we
think the opportunity to buy single-family homes is a long-term
opportunity,” Chang says. “The right way to create sustainable value is
not to flip these homes, but to buy them, fix them up and then build a
portfolio for rental over time.”
New York-based GTIS Partners has been investing in the distressed
residential sector for about three years. Since late 2009, the firm has
been buying land or building lots in master-planned communities in
markets such as Chicago and Palm Beach County, Fla.
In July, GTIS expanded that strategy to also buy distressed
single-family homes. In its first month, the private equity firm
invested about $4 million in the purchase of 40 homes in Las Vegas and
Atlanta. “Ultimately, we are looking to invest $400 million to $500
million in this sector over the next four years, when we think this
whole strategy will play through and the foreclosure pipeline will be
cleared,” adds Rob Vahradian, a senior managing director at GTIS
Partners. The opportunistic investment fund currently has $2 billion in
assets under management in the U.S. and Brazil.
Evolving niche
The distressed housing sector is expected to continue to draw more
capital and become increasingly competitive in the coming months. One
question is how the inventory of foreclosure homes will hold up to the
surge in demand.
Data clearly indicates that there are still millions of
non-performing loans and delinquent loans on homes going through the
foreclosure process, which will make their way into the REO inventory
over the next 24 months. “There is a lot of capital coming into the
sector. So whether this is a one to two year strategy or a three to four
year play remains to be seen,” says Vahradian.
Some investors believe this is more than a short-term boom, but a
longer term opportunity as the single-family rental market gains a
foothold as a more established investment niche. “The primary reason
that we got into the residential sector, in addition to the distress, is
that there are really some compelling demographic trends formulating,”
says Vahradian.
“We think there has not been just a cyclical, but a secular shift in
home ownership,” agrees Chang. Chang estimates that homeownership in the
U.S., which reached about 70 percent during the peak of the housing
boom, will likely fall back to 60 percent. That decline represents about
8 to 10 million families that for whatever reason—whether they can’t
get credit or may choose not to own again—are now looking to rent a
home. “That isn’t to say that homeownership won’t rebound and many of
these people won’t ultimately own homes when they can,” notes Chang. “We
just think it is going to take longer than people think.”
